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Women artists: Tamara de Lempicka

Tamara de Limpicka (1898–1980) was a key artist in the Art Deco period of the 1920s and '30s. Born in Poland, she also spent a lot of time in France and the U.S. Her real fame came when high-fashion magazines began to use her art for their covers. Soon she was painting portraits of the aristocracy, and even royalty. Although her name is not well-known today outside of Art Deco fans, de Lempicka was one of the most important and popular artists of the Art Deco movement.

Art Deco grew out of Cubism and the Arts and Crafts movement, adding elements of "exotic" Asian, Egyptian and Mayan art. It used simple forms and planes of color to create new designs representing luxury and wealth. The pieces also represented faith in social and technological progress.

Art Deco architecture soars upward, with geometric designs on its walls and windows. Paintings and graphic designs use those same geometric lines to express the independence and industry that inspired the optimism of the early 20th century. 

Tamara de Lempicka rode that wave of optimism in her paintings. She painted rich people in high-class settings, enjoying the fruits of progress. Many of her paintings included scenes of sensuality, with women in loose clothing or even nude. But these women were independent; they looked cool and detached, in no need of male support. This was revolutionary for her time. In her words, "My goal: never copy. Create a new style, with luminous and brilliant colors, rediscover the elegance of my models."

Discussion: 
Describe de Lempicka's painting, "Saint Moritz", shown at the top of the article. How does it represent the Art Deco movement? Do Homework
Do you like Art Deco art and design? Why or why not? Do Homework
People in the early 20th century were very optimistic about the technological and social progress of the time. Looking back, do you think they were right to be optimistic? Do Homework
In your opinion, are magazine covers art? Do Homework

Paralympics: marriage proposal

Tokyo Paralympics were amazing not only because of sports results. There were also a few truly heartwarming moments. 

One of them happened after a Paralympic runner Keula Nidreia Pereir came fourth in a 200-meter race. Even though she didn’t get a medal, something happy was waiting for her at the finish line. Her running guide and a partner got down on his knee and proposed to her. She said yes. 

Visually impaired runners often run together with a guide. Their arms are connected with a rope. The guide should match the runner step by step and inform the runner how far is left to go. The runners and guides train together and perform together. If a runner wins a medal, a guide wins a medal too. 

Discussion: 
Please tell the story to your teacher. Do Homework
Do you think that a marriage proposal should be something special? Do Homework
Have you watched the Paralympics or Olympics? Do Homework
Do you think Paralympics should be promoted more? Do Homework

Farm-to-closet fashion

For $200, you can now invest in the eco-fashion label Christy Dawn. The label is selling "plots" in the organic, sustainable cotton farm in India that provides the raw materials for their clothing. At the end of the season, you're paid back with store credit. If the harvest is good, you might get back more than the initial $200 you invested. On the other hand, if it's a bad year for cotton, you could lose most or all of your money. 

Store credit is actually a pretty good return on investment, if you like Christy Dawn's style—loose, flowing, bohemian—think 1960s hippies for the modern world. Their clothes are expensive (a dress runs about $200–300), but people with $200 to spend can become part of the solution to a big environmental problem. Manufacturing fabric is an energy-intensive, chemically-laden process when done on an industrial scale. Even so-called "natural" fabrics like cotton are terrible for the environment, using vast amounts of resources. For instance, it typically takes up to 2,700 litres of water and produces about 2.6kg of CO₂ to make a single cotton t-shirt.

So Christy Dawn began their own cotton farm in India to oversee the environmentally sustainable production of raw materials. You can support their efforts, and get a good return on investment even if it's a bad year for cotton. Long-term, you're earning a more sustainable Earth to live on.

Discussion: 
As a business person, what is your opinion of Christy Dawn's new business plan? Will it be successful? Why or why not? Do Homework
As a consumer, would you be willing to spend more for sustainably produced clothing? How much more? Do Homework
If agriculture continues at the current pace, the United Nations predicts there will be only 60 growing seasons left until soil will no longer grow crops. Can we change this in just 60 years? How? Do Homework
Can the business world save the Earth? Do Homework

Exam stress: adults and children

Many children feel stressed when they need to take exams. But exam anxiety can affect everyone, from children to adults. It can even damage the mental health of students who receive very high marks. It can also negatively affect students who are less successful, for example, children with special needs and children who are anxious in general. Sometimes children are worried because their parents set goals that are too high for them.

The Harvard Center for the Developing Child says that some amount of stress can be good for children’s development. It helps them to learn how to cope with difficult situations. But it is important for parents to remember that children are still only learning how to deal with stress. Too much stress can be very negative. 

Scientists say that a child learns how to manage stressful situations quicker and better if there is a lot of support from parents or other adults. 
 

Discussion: 
Were you afraid of exams when you were a child? What about now? Edit Homework
Do you prefer exams, or take-home assignments such as essays? Do Homework
How can parents support their children during exams? Edit Homework
How can teachers make school years better for children? Do Homework

Greg Lemond's quote on effort

Professional cyclist Greg Lemond said, "It doesn't get any easier; you just get faster."

Lemond is a 3-time winner of the Tour Dr France. He also won a great many other cycling races. He is considered by many to be the all-time greatest American cyclist. While other cyclists have been caught cheating via blood doping, Lemond was so strongly opposed to cheating that he quit his team when his teammates were found breaking the rules.

Cycling is an endurance sport, meaning effort matters as much as strategy. The Tour de France is so hard that in 1967 a race leader died from over-exertion. So when Lemond says it doesn't get easier, he's speaking from experience. 

Discussion: 
Can you rephrase Lemond's quote? What do you think he's really saying? Do Homework
What does "get faster" mean in your case? Do Homework
Can you take Lemond's quote too far? Is there an opposite proverb or quote? Do Homework
What can you learn from Lemond? Do Homework

Lost cat found after 10 years

A cat named Forbes disappeared in 2011. Its owners were trying to find the cat for months. They made posters and went door-to-door asking about the cat. The cat’s owner said, “We'd had him from when he was a kitten and we had such a special bond. He was such a unique and friendly character, we absolutely adored him.” After almost eight or nine months of constant searching, they lost hope to find Forbes. 

Ten years later, the Scottish SPCA (Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) found a cat with a microchip. The chip led them to the cat's owners. SPCA called the owners. The owners immediately went to collect their beloved pet. They were very happy to find him, even after 10 years. "At the moment, we are just gradually introducing him to our two dogs and two cats. This is just the best outcome for us.”

Discussion: 
Please tell this story to your teacher. Do Homework
Do you like pets? Do Homework
Have you ever lost your pet? Do Homework
Why do people have pets? Do Homework
Do pets make good gifts? Do Homework
Should animals be pets or should they live in the wild? Do Homework

Advice for effective parenting

Raising children can be challenging. Here are some helpful tips. If you don't have kids, then think about when you were a kid.  

First, praising a child’s accomplishments boosts their self-esteem.

Children develop their understanding of themselves through their parents’ attitudes. Everything counts: parents’ words, body language, voice. 

If you praise children for even small accomplishments, you will make them feel worthy and proud. If you trust your children to do things themselves, they will feel capable and strong. On the other hand, if you compare your child to others or belittle them, children might feel worthless and doubt themselves. 

Second, try to compliment more than you criticize 

Imagine you have a boss who always criticizes and never praises you even when you are trying really hard.

Think of how many times a day a parent reacts negatively to something that their child is doing. It's a good idea to catch a child doing something right and praise them. For example, “You washed the dishes without being asked! Great job!” or “You were very patient with your homework today, even if you don’t like this subject that much. That’s very good!” 

Third, be consistent with limits and discipline

Children will test boundaries. It is important to set limits for them so they learn self-control.

Establishing clear limits helps children to understand expectations. It's better to set a clear rule, for example, no computer games until their homework is complete. It's also good to have a clear system of consequences if they misbehave. For example, no dessert if they don't eat their vegetables.

Discussion: 
Please explain these pieces of advice to your teacher Do Homework
Do you agree with any parts of this text? Why? Why not? Do Homework
Do you have any other pieces of advice to add? Do Homework
In your opinion, what is the most difficult aspect of bringing up children? Do Homework

Women artists: Frida Kahlo

Frida Kahlo (1907–1954) is thought of today as one of Mexico's greatest artists. Her most famous paintings are self-portraits. Of her 143 paintings, 55 were self-portraits. She once said, "I paint self-portraits because I am so often alone, because I am the person I know best.”

Kahlo grew up during the Mexican Revolution and was part of the Mexicanidad movement, which celebrated indigenous Mexican culture. She painted in a Magical Realist folk art style, with the colors and imagery of Mexican indigenous culture. Magical Realism combines realistic detail with surrealistic imagery. In the painting shown above, Roots, Kahlo depicts herself lying on rocky ground with vines growing out of her chest. The details are very realistic, but the image itself is surreal.

In 1939, the Louvre bought one of her paintings. The Frame. It was the first 20th-century painting by a Mexican artist purchased by any internationally renowned museum. She was also the first artist to have a painting sell for more than $1 million. And in 2001, Frida Kahlo became the first Hispanic woman to appear on a U.S. postage stamp.

Since the 1970s, Frida Kahlo has become an icon to many in the feminist, LGBTQIA and socialist worlds. She was strongly independent, bisexual, and a lifelong member of the Mexican Communist party.

Discussion: 
Describe the painting shown at the top of the article. Why do you think she has vines growing out of her chest? Do Homework
Why did Frida Kahlo paint so many self-portraits? Do Homework
Do you see any connection between taking selfies and painting a self-portrait? Do Homework
What is an "icon"? Can you think of any other icons? How did they become an icon? Do Homework

How to paint 50,000+ miles of lines

Without white and yellow lines on streets and roads, we wouldn't know where the lanes are, or where to turn or stop or walk, etc. Car accidents would be much more frequent, many with fatalities.

A specialized sector of the construction industry paints lane markings on roads. One company in Michigan, PK Contracting, estimates that one worker paints about 400,000 ft (122,000 m) of lines every day. Over the 6-month construction season, the company stripes and re-stripes about 50,000 mi (80,500 km) of roads. Put those markings end-to-end and you could cross America 16 times.

Those figures don't include crosswalks, turn arrows, stop lines and all the other markings you see. For straight lines stretched down a road, the workers use a special painting truck that paints lines as it drives. But they can't use the painting trucks in tight spaces, or for curves and arrows. So every one of those lines and shapes is painted by hand using big stencils and either spray paint or rollers.

It requires precision to create straight lines, a cross-hatched zone or a set of arrows with multiple stencils. The painters need to be very skilled workers. You can see them action at the "Continue reading" link below.

Discussion: 
Explain the process of painting road markings. Do Homework
How many different road markings can you think of? Do Homework
What are the benefits of road markings? Are there any downsides? Do Homework
How do you balance freedom and safety controls? Do Homework

Visuals: forming musical tastes

Music can connect people everywhere. It can cross languages, countries and cultures. It can raise your mood, calm you down or give inspiration. But have you ever wondered when your music taste was formed?

A recent New York Times analysis of Spotify found out that the music we listen to when we are teenagers sets our musical preferences for the rest of our lives. 

That might explain why there is a generation gap in musical taste between parents and their children. It is difficult for parents to change their own musical tastes which were set years ago. Their children’s preferences, on the other hand, is still forming. 

Please have a look at the chart below. Discuss what you see with your teacher.

Discussion: 
Please present the chart to your teacher Do Homework
What music do you like listening to? Do Homework
Do you enjoy any new music? Do Homework
When do you think your musical tastes were formed? Do Homework
What are the chances of your musical taste changing? Do Homework

Tips on asking for a promotion

According to the Harvard Business Review, asking for a promotion can be nerve-wracking. How do you prepare for that conversation with your boss? What information should you have at the ready? And how exactly do you make your case?

The first step is to think through what you want. Do you want more power? More money? More managerial responsibility? Also, consider getting feedback from a personal "board of directors" on your strengths and weaknesses. Speak to peers to try to measure your reputation. Find out how others successfully pressed their cases for promotion. 

Once you’ve clarified exactly what you’re looking for, build a compelling case for why you deserve to move up. Consider preparing a one-or-two-page memo that clearly outlines your track record. The memo’s bullet points should provide metrics of the impact you’ve had, descriptions of solutions you’ve delivered, and financial outcomes for which you’ve been responsible.

However, don’t assume that asking for a promotion is a one-and-done discussion. It is usually a series of ongoing conversations. Finally, do not get discouraged if you don’t get what you want right away. Patience often pays off.

Discussion: 
Please summarize this article in 3 sentences. Do Homework
Do you agree with the points discussed? Why or why not? Are there any important points missing? Do Homework
Do you plan on asking for a promotion within the next year? Edit Homework
What is your country’s custom when asking for a promotion? Is it different from the American custom? Do Homework

Visuals: Vaccination inequality

Our world is unequal. The distribution of the vaccines shows that. Rich countries have more doses than they need, while poor countries can’t buy enough. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) says that this situation is slowing global economic recovery. Economists predict that low-income countries will lose at least $38 billion of their GDP in 2021 because of low vaccination rates. 

Low vaccination rates also put a lot of pressure on the healthcare systems of poor countries. Hospitals can’t treat other illnesses because of Covid.

The Director-General of the World Health Organization said that “Vaccine inequity is the world's biggest obstacle to ending this pandemic and recovering from COVID-19”.

Please have a look at the chart below and discuss it with your teacher.

Discussion: 
Please present the chart to your teacher. Do Homework
Could you describe the problem in your own words? Do Homework
What are the results of this situation? Do Homework
How can this problem be solved? Do Homework

Sell something: Mobile phone

New smartphones come on the market at least every year. Each model has its own pros and cons, giving that company the opportunity to beat out its nearest competitors for a share of the market. But it's a tough market! If you were going to introduce a new phone, you'd need to make it pretty special.

That's exactly the task required here: you and your teacher are going to come up with a new phone and create an ad that will persuade consumers to buy it.

Try to include two or more of the following power words:

  • hottest;
  • effortless;
  • daring;
  • savings;
  • attractive; and/or
  • phenomenal.
Discussion: 
Choose a target market. Consider digital ability, budget, or an unreached segment such as people with disabilities. Do Homework
What features would that market particularly need or want from a phone? Do Homework
What platform or publication would be the best place to publish your ad in order to reach that segment? Do Homework
Write up your advertisement. Do Homework

Millenium-old mochi shop in Japan

In the year 794, Naomi Hasegawa's family started Ichiwa, a mochi shop, next to the Imamiya Shrine in Kyoto to feed pilgrims who had traveled to pray for pandemic relief. Over a millenium later, the shop still sells mochi to people struggling with a pandemic. How has it survived so long, through pandemics, wars, natural disasters, and the rise and fall of empires? By putting tradition and stability over profit and growth. 

The emphasis at Ichiwa is not growth. Profit is not the point. The point is to do one thing, and do it well. They focus on serving people and passing on the business to the next generation. Although it's not a dynamic business model, it obviously works. Known as shinise, these old businesses are a source of pride for Japanese.

Roughly 33,000 businesses in Japan, 40% of the world's total, are over 100 years old. More than 3,100 have existed for at least 200 years, and 140 have been around for 5 centuries. At least 19 businesses claim to have been in business since the first millenium. Two shinise you may have heard of are Nintendo (1890) and Kikkoman (1917).

Discussion: 
Summarize the article in 2–3 sentences. Do Homework
What are the pros and cons of the shinise model? Do Homework
What would the global economy be like if all businesses operated like Ichiwa? Do Homework
Is constant growth sustainable? Do Homework

A doll that changed lives

Dr. Nhung Tran-Davies was only five years old when she needed to flee home because of the Vietnam War. She and her family spent eight months in a refugee camp in Malaysia. Then an Alberta church sponsored their immigration to Canada.

Nhung arrived in Canada on a boat with 300 other refugees. She remembers it was nauseating and suffocating. 

At the airport gate, a little Canadian girl called Adrienne gave a doll to Nhung. 

"This little girl presented a little gift... This doll lit up my heart and in that moment, it meant everything to me," says Nhung. After that, the girls stayed friends. This doll has also inspired Nhung to become a doctor and help others, as this girl has helped her.

"Knowing now that all that I have, and all that I've become, is because of this simple act of kindness, I live to this day to pay forward the kindness," she said. Nhung has also sponsored a refugee family, who were escaping the war in Syria. She gifted a doll to the youngest daughter in the family.

"It was my turn now, 40 years later, to be standing at the gates to give little Alma a doll. It was just an amazing, important moment for myself, but I think it meant something to her because I know that in 40 years it will be her turn to make Canada a more beautiful place," she said.

Discussion: 
Could you please tell the story to your teacher Do Homework
Do you think people should “pay kindness forward”? Do Homework
Have you ever had a situation when a small thing meant a lot to you? Do Homework
Do you have a memorable gift? Do Homework
Why did you choose your profession? Do Homework
What can people, businesses and governments do to assist refugees? Do Homework

When you become your career

According to the Harvard Business Review (HBR), many people with high-pressure jobs find themselves unhappy with their careers, despite working hard their whole lives to get to their current position. What happens if you identify so closely with your work that hating your job means hating yourself?

Psychologists use the term “enmeshment” to describe a situation where the boundaries between people become blurred, and individual identities lose importance. Enmeshment prevents the development of a stable, independent sense of self. You can become enmeshed with your career, too.

The work culture in many high-pressure fields often rewards working longer hours with raises, prestige, and promotions. Also, certain careers or career achievements are often highly valued in an individual’s family or community. When high pressure jobs are paired with a big paycheck, individuals can find themselves launched into a new socioeconomic class.

So what can you do to fight enmeshment? Delegate tasks at work to free up time, and fill that time with non-work related activities. Also, for your new activities outside of work, start small and try out some hobbies you have had your eye on. Reach out to friends and family to revitalize your social circles. Finally, decide what’s important to you. Establish and review your principles and values.

Discussion: 
Please describe this article in as few words as you can. Do Homework
Have you ever experienced career enmeshment? If not, have you seen others experience it? Do Homework
Does your work culture encourage career enmeshment? Edit Homework
Are there any positive aspects of career enmeshment? Do Homework

Fairly counting Olympic medals

When we hear about the number of Olympics medals each country wins, we usually hear the total. The top five or six countries are almost always the same: the U.S., U.K., Russia, Germany, France and China. When you think about the huge population and wealth of those countries, it makes sense that they would win the most medals.

But this leaves smaller countries who perform better than their relative size and wealth out of the spotlight. Think of Australia, a country of 25 million. Compare that to America's 328 million. You might expect the U.S. to win well over ten times more medals than Australia. But that's not what happens.

So a more accurate representation of a nation's Olympic performance might be to look at the expected total. The Financial Times has put together a system that looks at a country's past medal counts, population size, and its GDP. The results are further refined by sport, given that some countries nearly always outperform others (think of gymnastics or table tennis). Putting all these things together provides a less-prejudicial view of each country's Olympic performance.

The Times has posted a real-time chart with a country's expected medal total compared to the actual ongoing total, showing the number of medals over or under expectations.

Take a look at that chart now.

Discussion: 
Why is simply counting each country's total Olympic medals unfair? Do Homework
Read the Methodology part of the article and explain the process used to predict the number of medals each country will win. Do Homework
Why do people care about the number of medals their country's athletes win? Do Homework
In your opinion, are humans hard-wired to be competitive, or cooperative? Or both? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Do Homework

Visuals: The death of cinema?

Did you watch the 93rd Academy Awards ceremony this year? Chances are you didn’t, and you weren’t alone. The 2021 edition was the least viewed and lowest rated in the award show’s history, according to Nielsen Ratings. Take a look at this graph from CNBC below: 

The 2021 ceremony saw a staggering 56% drop off in viewership from the previous year, which was itself already one of the least viewed shows in Oscar history. Now of course, these are just award shows. What about Box Office numbers? IMDB reports that the global cinema gross in 2020 was $2.1 billion, a loss of over $9 billion from 2019.  

The movie industry is in crisis. Faced with the rise of streaming services and a global pandemic that shut down both theatres and productions in 2020, companies are scrambling to get online. Warner Bros has already announced it will be releasing its 2021 movies direct to streaming the same day as their theatrical release. 

People have been predicting the end of traditional cinema for decades, and while we have seen movie rental stores close down and suburban theatres fail, it looks like Covid-19 might be what finally puts the nail in the coffin.  

Discussion: 
How do you watch movies? When did you last go to the cinema? Do Homework
Do you think traditional cinema is doomed, or can it bounce back after COVID-19? Do Homework
What else does the graph tell us? What conclusions can we make from it? Do Homework

Dogs sniff out Covid-19

Dogs have already been trained to smell drugs, cancer, and even blood sugar changes in people with diabetes. Now they're learning how to smell Covid-19. In trials, dogs detected the virus over 95% of the time, more accurately than rapid blood or swab tests. The dogs have even been able to detect Covid in people who aren't showing symptoms yet, which taking temperatures can't do.

Several countries around the world are working to develop these skills in dogs. To train them, sweat from people with Covid is collected and put on cottonballs. After they've learned to identify the scent, they then have to choose the cottonball with the sweat on it from lots of untreated cottonballs.

Even though the dogs are expensive, it actually costs less to train and use dogs for Covid detection than for other types of rapid testing. And one dog can cover a lot of space at once, effectively testing hundreds of people in a few minutes. More training and research is needed before the dogs will be used widely, but many hope that very soon dogs will be able to sniff around at airports and sports stadiums and other crowded places to catch Covid before it spreads.

Discussion: 
Summarize the article in 2–3 sentences. Do Homework
What are the advantages of using dogs to detect Covid? Do Homework
What are the disadvantages of using dogs to detect Covid? Do Homework
Dogs have about 300 million receptors for smell in their noses, compared to 6 million in humans. Would you want to be as sensitive to smell as a dog? What would life be like? Do Homework
Discuss the ethics of humans' use of animals. What is ethical use? What is unethical? Do Homework

Toyota's struggles with EVs

Toyota was the leader in eco-friendly hybrid vehicles for many years, according to ArsTechnica. The automotive company had a fuel-efficiency edge over its competition. However, it has recently struggled to compete with companies that sell electric vehicles such as Tesla, Nissan and Volkswagen.

Toyota has made two critical choices. First, it tethered itself to hybrids. Second, it bet its future on hydrogen. But now governments around the world are moving to ban fossil-fuel vehicles of any kind.

Confronted with a losing hand, Toyota is fighting to change the game. It has been lobbying governments to water down emissions standards or oppose fossil-fuel vehicle phaseouts. In the last four years, Toyota's political contributions to American politicians have more than doubled. By donating to congresspeople who oppose tighter emissions limits, the company funded lawmakers who objected to certifying the results of the 2020 presidential election.

However, according to recent surveys, somewhere between 30 and 40 percent of consumers say their next purchase will be an electric vehicle. So, Toyota has also begun to wage a campaign of FUD—fear, uncertainty, and doubt—to cast electric vehicles as unreliable and undesirable.

Discussion: 
Please summarize this article in three sentences. Do Homework
What's your view on the future of Toyota? Do Homework
What's the best way for Toyota solve its problems? Do Homework
Do you think that companies should be allowed to lobby politicians without any limitations? Do Homework