Discussion topics

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Why is Amazon buying Whole Foods?

Amazon swooped in to buy the high-end grocer Whole Foods on Friday, paying $13.7 billion, or $42 a share—a healthy 27% premium on the previous day's closing price.

So what's in it for Amazon?

There are a couple of strategic plays at work for the online retail giant.

For starters, acquiring Whole Foods' 440 US stores—many of them in prime locations—could bolster the network for AmazonFresh, the company's grocery delivery service.

"To efficiently ship groceries to consumers, you need physical distribution (item-picking to put parcels together, click-and-collect points) close to the consumer," analysts at Bernstein wrote in a research note. "Stores are ideally located for that. They won't look like stores in five years' time, but they will be in those locations."

The service allows customers to order groceries online, then set a time for pickup as soon as 15 minutes after. So far, there are only two locations, both in Seattle, but AmazonFresh Pickup could scale rapidly after Friday's deal.

The move could [also] improve the selection of grocery items for AmazonFresh users, as well as strengthen Amazon's bargaining position with suppliers, according to Credit Suisse.

Discussion: 
Please explain the strategic advantages of acquiring Whole Foods for Amazon. Do Homework
What is the position of Amazon's services in Japan? Do Homework
Who are Amazon's competitors in Japan? What are their relative strengths and weaknesses? Do Homework

Benefits of paid time off (PTO)

A growing number of companies are combining vacation and sick time into one bucket called "paid time off", or PTO.  Employees will decide whether they're going to use the days for vacation, when they or a relative are ill, or for family events.

According to a report from World at Work, an association of human resources professionals, 51 per cent of private companies, including small and mid-size businesses, offered PTO last year.

One of the biggest pluses about PTO for small business owners is eliminating the administrative chore of tracking how many sick days versus vacation days their employees have used. That can be particularly helpful in the growing number of states, counties and cities where employers are required to allow staffers to accrue sick time, usually up to 40 hours a year depending on how many hours they work. With PTO, there's no need to track hours worked or accrued.

Discussion: 
What’s the practice at your office—are you allotted sick days or personal days? Do Homework
Do you ever take a sick day? Does your company culture compel you to work even when you’re sick? Do Homework
How would you convince your boss or company to switch to this system? Do Homework

Softbank invests $502m in startup

"[UK tech startup] Improbable is building breakthrough technologies that are becoming vital and valuable platforms for the global gaming industry," Deep Nishar, managing director of investments at SoftBank, said in a statement. Beyond gaming, Nishar said, SoftBank believed Improbable’s simulation technology could be used to help explore disease, improve cities, understand economies and solve other complex problems. Nishar is joining Improbable’s board.

SoftBank founder and chief executive officer Masayoshi Son has been trying to establish the Japanese company, which has a history investing in telecommunications and game companies, at the forefront of a host of emerging technologies. In particular, Son has been staking SoftBank’s future on the growth of machine learning, where software is able to learn from data and experience, and the Internet of Things, the idea of connecting everything from home appliances to industrial equipment to the internet. His largest investment in the U.K. to date was the $32 billion purchase of chip designer ARM Holdings Plc last year.

Discussion: 
What is Softbank's reputation in Japan? Do Homework
Please briefly explain Softbank's long term investment strategy and vision to your teacher. Do Homework
In what ways do you predict technology will change our future? Please give examples. Do Homework
What technological developments in Japan have impressed, interested or inspired you? Are there any developments you feel negatively about? Please give examples. Do Homework

Bitcoin shoots past $1,800

Bitcoin is trading at another record high on Thursday. The cryptocurrency is up 4.59% at $1853.55 a coin after Ulmart, Russia's largest online retailer, said it would begin accepting bitcoin, Cryptocoin News says. 

The announcement from Ulmart comes despite Russia's central bank saying it would wait until 2018 to consider allowing the use of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. At the beginning of April, Japan's regulators announced bitcoin is now a legal payment method in the country.

Discussion: 
How is Bitcoin viewed in Japan? Do Homework
How will Bitcoin affect the future of online payment technology? Do Homework
What other payment systems are popular in Japan? Do Homework
What are the pros and cons of online payment systems? Do Homework

Robo-advisors gaining popularity

The majority of affluent and high-net-worth individuals recognize the potential of robo-advisors and automated investment services to add value to their wealth management services.

[According to a study of 600 investors in the UK and US] more than 70% of overall respondents think that such tools can positively influence their wealth manager’s advice and decision-making process and that automated advice potentially speeds up onboarding processes such as registration and account opening, making these processes more efficient and convenient. This underlines how the young and the wealthy are especially showing a great openness, awareness and knowledge about robo advice.

Discussion: 
Have you ever used the services of a robo-advisor? Do Homework
What are the advantages of using a robo-advisor? Do Homework
Do you think robo-advisors are becoming popular with investors in Japan? Do Homework
What potential obstacles would robo-advisors have to overcome in order to be more accepted? Do Homework

Singularity will occur by 2047

Singularity—the point when machine intelligence surpasses our own and goes on to improve itself at an exponential rate—will happen by 2050, according to Masayoshi Son, the Japanese tech mogul leading SoftBank.

In 2017 he said: "I totally believe this concept. In the next 30 years, this will become a reality."

Son went on to say that our world will fundamentally change as a result of so-called superintelligences that will be able to learn and think for themselves, TechCrunch reports.

Son added that he expects one computer chip to have the equivalent of a 10,000 IQ within the next 30 years, Bloomberg reported.

Japan's second-richest man went on to highlight how SoftBank plans to invest in the next generation of technology companies that are developing A.I. with a new $100 billion tech fund called the SoftBank Vision Fund. Apple and Qualcomm have contributed to the fund, as has the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia.

"I truly believe it's coming. That's why I'm in a hurry—to aggregate the cash, to invest," said Son. "It will be so much more capable than us—what will be our job? What will be our life? We have to ask philosophical questions. Is it good or bad?"

Son added: "I think this superintelligence is going to be our partner. If we misuse it, it's a risk. If we use it in good spirits, it will be our partner for a better life. So the future can be better predicted, people will live healthier, and so on."

Discussion: 
Please explain "singularity" in your own words. Do Homework
Do you agree with Masayoshi Son that the singularity will happen by 2047? Why or why not? Do Homework
In what ways will A.I. and more advanced technology affect our lives in the future, good and bad? Do Homework
A.I. technology is already expanding at a rapid pace and will likely continue to do so. What do we need to do to make sure all people benefit from it? Do Homework

When will robots replace workers?

The falling cost of industrial robots will allow manufacturers to use them to replace more factory workers over the next decade while lowering labor costs, according to new research.

Robots now perform roughly 10 percent of manufacturing tasks that can be done by machines, according to the Boston Consulting Group. The management consulting firm projected that to rise to about 25 percent of such "automatable" tasks by 2025.

In turn, labor costs stand to drop by 16 percent on average globally over that time, according to the research.

The shift will mean an increasing demand for skilled workers who can operate the machines, said Hal Sirkin, a senior partner at Boston Consulting.

Factory workers "will be higher paid but there will be fewer of them," Sirkin said.

The research found a tipping point for installing robots: Companies tend to start thinking about replacing workers when the costs of owning and operating a system come at a 15 percent discount to employing a human counterpart.

For example, in the U.S. automotive industry, which is predicted to be one of the more aggressive adopters of robots, a spot-welding machine costs $8 an hour versus $25 an hour for a worker.

Three-fourths of robot installations over the next decade are expected to be concentrated in four areas: transportation equipment, including the automotive sector; computer and electronic products; electrical equipment and machinery.

Adoption is forecast to be slower in industries in which tasks are more difficult to automate or labor costs are low, such as food products or fabricated metal.

Certain countries also are expected to be more brisk adopters. China, the United States, Japan, Germany and South Korea now account for about 80 percent of robot purchases and are expected to maintain that share over the next decade.

Discussion: 
At what point will companies start thinking about replacing workers with robots? Do Homework
Which industries and countries have been the early adopters of robots and why? Do Homework
What examples can you think of in Japan of robots replacing workers? Do Homework
As more jobs become automated, how will this affect society? Do Homework

Software will replace doctors

According to Keith Rabois, a Khosla Ventures partner and former executive at LinkedIn, PayPal, and Square, areas that require human expert judgment, like healthcare and law, are most likely to see disruption in the coming years.

"One of the most interesting things we’ve noticed over the last decade is the ability of math and machines to replace human judgment, particularly expert judgment," Rabois said on Founder Calls, a new podcast run by Box CEO Aaron Levie.

"And it’s finally possible now to use data and machine learning techniques to replace the judgment of experts in law and in healthcare," he said.

For example, if medical software can sift through massive amounts of data to automatically diagnose a patient, without having to go through a human doctor, healthcare would become more affordable for everyone. Rabois has invested in a few healthcare startups, and one of them uses data all the way back from 2007 to automatically recommend different courses of care that may be different from what’s been prescribed under previous standards, he said.

"Vinod Khosla, my boss at Khosla Ventures, has stated that, 'If you want to be a doctor in the future, you’re better off learning math and statistics than biology and chemistry,'" he added.

Discussion: 
Please explain how software is predicted to disrupt the healthcare and legal sectors. Do Homework
Can you think of any examples of jobs or industries that have been changed by advances in software and technology? Do Homework
In what ways will advances in technology affect your industry? Do Homework

Rapid urbanisation

In 2015, 85% of global GDP was generated in cities. Growing cities require substantial investments in infrastructure if they are to continue expanding at their present rate. It’s estimated that we will invest $78 trillion in global infrastructure over the next 10 years alone to accommodate this growth. New York, Beijing, Shanghai and London will need $8 trillion in infrastructure investments alone. 

Discussion: 
Do these figures surprise you? Do Homework
What challenges do modern urban planners face? Do Homework
What changes would you like to see in Tokyo in the future? Do Homework

Australian convict pirates in Japan

An amateur historian has unearthed compelling evidence that the first Australian maritime foray into Japanese waters was by convict pirates on an audacious escape from Tasmania almost two centuries ago.

Fresh translations of samurai accounts of a “barbarian” ship in 1830 give startling corroboration to a story modern scholars had long dismissed as convict fantasy: that a ragtag crew of criminals encountered a forbidden Japan at the height of its feudal isolation.

Discussion: 
Why was Japan isolated in the 1800s? Do Homework
What do you know about Australia's convict history? Where did the convicts come from? Do Homework
What other stories about pirates do you know? Do Homework

Premium Fridays in Japan

Faced with slack consumption and soul-searching over Japan’s notoriously poor work-life balance, the government is asking companies to allow their workers to leave at 3pm on the last Friday of the month.

The hope is that they will use those extra hours of freedom to shop, make an early start to their Friday libations or go on a weekend break.

Discussion: 
Does your company have Premium Fridays? Do you think that they are a good idea? Why or why not? Do Homework
What do you (or would you) do with extra time off on a Friday? Do Homework
Can you think of other ways to deal with problems of overworking in Japan? Do Homework

Instagram to gain users in Germany

Instagram will see a double-digit user gain in Germany in 2017, according to eMarketer’s first-ever estimate for that social network’s use in the country, led by adoption by younger users.

But Facebook’s gains will slow to a trickle as user penetration for the country’s leading social network plateaus.

Instagram has enjoyed strong user growth in Germany in recent years, and that expansion will continue in 2017.

Discussion: 
What social media platforms do you use, and why? Do Homework
What is the popularity of Instagram and Facebook in Japan compared to other forms of social media? Do Homework
What are the pros and cons of social media? Do Homework
How will our use of social media develop in the near future? Do Homework

The workforce crisis by 2030

In 2030, there will be more jobs than workers able to fill them in many of the world's largest economies, according to Boston Consulting Group senior partner Rainer Strack.

In his October 2014 TED Talk, Strack explained that the world is facing a labor shortage and skills mismatch. However, he said it's not too late to begin employee development and recruitment strategies that take a global perspective.

Part of the problem will be a surplus of low-skilled workers and a significant lack of high-skilled workers. The emergence of new technologies will simultaneously replace low-skilled jobs and create high-skilled ones.

BCG found that 60% of high-skilled workers are willing to work abroad, which can help lower the skill gap in certain countries.

Strack concluded that the current workforce trend is not sustainable. Companies and governments need to forecast which jobs need to be filled in the next 15 years; how they will bring more millennials, women, and retirees into high-skilled jobs; and how they'll adapt their corporate cultures to become a global destination for these employees.

Discussion: 
What is the "workforce crisis" predicted by Rainer Strack? Do you agree or disagree with his prediction? Do Homework
How has the Japanese job market changed in recent years? Do Homework
How has technology changed the global job market? Do Homework
How can governments and businesses prepare for the looming workforce crisis? Do Homework

When robots collude

Algorithms can learn to collude. 

Two law professors, Ariel Ezrachi of Oxford and Maurice E. Stucke of the University of Tennessee, have a working paper on how when computers get involved in pricing for goods and services (say, at Amazon or Uber), the potential for collusion is even greater than when humans are making the prices. 

Computers can't have a back-room conversation to fix prices, but they can predict the way that other computers are going to behave. And with that information, they can effectively cooperate with each other in advancing their own profit-maximizing interests.

Sometimes, a computer is just a tool used to help humans collude, which theoretically can be prosecuted. But sometimes, the authors find, the computer learns to collude on its own. Can a machine be prosecuted?

How does antitrust law punish a computer? If an algorithm isn't programmed to collude, but ends up doing so independently through machine learning, it isn't clear that the law can stop it.

Discussion: 
According to the article, what are the legal problems caused by self-learning technology? Do Homework
Can you think of any other examples where the law has failed to keep up with advances in technology? Do Homework
How can governments and legal authorities keep up with technological advances? Do Homework

Airbnb chasing business travellers

Airbnb plans to introduce a search tool designed for business travellers. The feature will allow professionals to filter homes and apartments that Airbnb has deemed Business Travel Ready.

To qualify, the dwelling must have a desk, Wi-Fi, self-check-in through a doorman or digital lock and various amenities you'd expect at a hotel, like free shampoo, a hairdryer and iron.
In 2016, the number of people using the site for business purposes tripled and is expected to quadruple this year, said David Holyoke, the head of Airbnb's business travel division.

Discussion: 
Have you ever stayed in an Airbnb residence when travelling? If so, how was the experience? If not, would you consider it in the future? Do Homework
What does the rise of Airbnb mean to the hotel industry? Do Homework

Beijing's "street life" under siege

Across Beijing's historic alleyways known as hutongs, construction workers are knocking down local restaurants and bars to make way for new, bigger developments. The historic alleyways are seeing more and more corporate ventures moving in. This is apparently to restore the city to a type of grandeur, but many residents say it is invading their lives and that the "soul" of their community is being lost.

Discussion: 
Describe your local area. Is there are sense of community and "soul" where you live? Do Homework
Is there a lot of development currently happening in your town? If yes, describe the changes. Do Homework
Are there any positives that such development can bring to a community? Give your opinion. Do Homework

The puzzle of motivation

In April 2017, economists at LSE looked at 51 studies of pay-for-performance plans, inside of companies. Here's what they said: "We find that financial incentives can result in a negative impact on overall performance."

There is a mismatch between what science knows and what business does. And what worries me, as we stand here in the rubble of the economic collapse, is that too many organizations are making their decisions, their policies about talent and people, based on assumptions that are outdated, unexamined,and rooted more in folklore than in science. And if we really want to get out of this economic mess, if we really want high performance on those definitional tasks of the 21st century, the solution is not to do more of the wrong things, to entice people with a sweeter carrot, or threaten them with a sharper stick. We need a whole new approach.

Discussion: 
What incentives do you have in your work? Do you think that they work? Do Homework
Pink talks about autonomy, mastery and purpose being key motivators. Do you think these things are the key drivers to your own motivation? Do they work in your culture? Do Homework
Do you think that a Results Only Work Environment would work in your organisation/company? Do Homework
Do you have an intrinsic drive to learn English? How can you develop that if you don't? Do Homework

Toshiba loses "billions of dollars"

Toshiba Corp said it may have to book several billion dollars in charges related to a U.S. nuclear power plant construction company acquisition, sending its stock tumbling 12 percent and rekindling concerns about its accounting acumen.

Discussion: 
Explain the issue to your teacher. Do Homework
What are your predictions for Toshiba's future? Do Homework
What would be your advice to Toshiba? Do Homework

The biggest threat to the world

Big Question: From Vladimir Putin's expansionist aims to the advances of Islamic State, the news is full of threats to global stability - but what do specialists in war studies think we should fear most?

Is Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (Isil), close to Europe via its growth in Libya, the greatest threat to global stability? Or is China's rise more to be feared than Vladimir Putin's involvement in the Ukraine crisis?

The World Economic Forum annually produces its list of the threats the world faces and at the top of this year's list was state conflict. So what are the threats to global stability that should really worry us, according to specialists in conflict studies?

Discussion: 
What do you think is the biggest threat to the world and why? Do Homework
What is the biggest threat to your country? Why? Do Homework
Do you have faith in your leaders? In the leaders of other countries? Do Homework

Solar cheaper than fossil fuels

The renewable energy future will arrive when installing new solar panels is cheaper than a comparable investment in coal, natural gas or other options. If you ask the World Economic Forum (WEF), the day has arrived.

Solar and wind is now the same price or cheaper than new fossil fuel capacity in more than 30 countries, the WEF reported in December. As prices for solar and wind power continue their precipitous fall, two-thirds of all nations will reach the point known as “grid parity” within a few years, even without subsidies. “Renewable energy has reached a tipping point,” Michael Drexler, who leads infrastructure and development investing at the WEF, said in a statement. “It is not only a commercially viable option, but an outright compelling investment opportunity with long term, stable, inflation-protected returns.”

Discussion: 
How will this development effect developing countries and emerging markets? Do Homework
Do you think it will have a big effect on Japan? Do Homework