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Coal energy challenges in Japan

According to The Japan Times, the tragic events of March 11, 2011, when a massive earthquake and tsunami triggered meltdowns at three nuclear reactors in Fukushima, forced Japan to reconsider nuclear energy. Today, 24 of Japan’s 33 reactors remain offline.

After the disaster, the government increased its push toward renewable energy, but it also invested heavily in coal projects. The dirty fuel was seen as the fastest, cheapest and most reliable way to keep the lights on.

A return to coal has left Japan with only modest long-term climate goals. Electricity generation is now responsible for almost 40 percent of the country’s emissions, and Japan aims to cut total emissions 26 percent by 2030 from 2013 levels.

Renewable energy from wind, solar and hydro is projected to make up less than a quarter of total electricity by 2030, far below the global average. Roughly the same amount is projected to come from zero-emission nuclear sources, but only if the government turns on additional reactors. Even under optimistic scenarios for the next decade, more than half of electricity will come from coal, natural gas and other fossil fuels.

Discussion: 
Summarize this article in 2 or 3 sentences. Do Homework
Should Japan turn on more nuclear reactors to help reduce its carbon emissions? Why or why not? Do Homework
Should Japan become more energy independent or should it push for more regional energy cooperation in Asia? Do Homework
What are some other ways that Japan could help reduce its carbon emissions? Do Homework

A bear at an ice cream shop

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation reported in 2018 that a private zoo in Alberta, Canada, was charged after a bear from the facility was taken through a Dairy Queen drive-thru in a pickup truck and fed ice cream through the vehicle's window.

A video of the feeding was posted to Twitter and Facebook by Discovery Wildlife Park, but the posts were later deleted. It showed a one-year-old chained bear leaning out of a truck's window and being fed ice cream by the owner of the local Dairy Queen. Another video posted by the zoo around the same time showed the bear licking frosting off an ice cream cake.

A trainer at Discovery Wildlife Park said there was no safety concern at the Dairy Queen because the bear was on a chain in the truck the entire time.

Wildlife officers charged the zoo with one offence relating to the bear being taken for ice cream, and another for incidents where the bear left the facility on multiple occasions without the proper authorities being notified.

Discussion: 
Please summarize this article in 2 or 3 sentences. Do Homework
Is it ethical to keep animals in chains or caged in a zoo? Do Homework
In some countries, such as Russia, bears are trained to perform in circuses. In other places, such as the U.S., dolphins are trained to entertain crowds in sea parks. Do you support or oppose animal performances? Do Homework

The rise of the hikikomori class

The Japan Times reports that the number of hikikomori in Japan, or those choosing complete withdrawal from all social interactions, has grown over the past few years. Psychiatrist Tamaki Saito, an expert on the subject, has stated that there might be some 2 million hikikomori in Japan, more than the official government estimate of 1.15 million. He also warned that the total number of Japanese foregoing social interactions might be as high as 10 million.

Official government estimates state that 613,000 hikikomori are between the ages of 40 and 64, raising the question of just how many elderly hikikomori will survive after their parents, who provide for all their daily needs, become ill or pass away.

Past studies argued that the main reason for the increase of hikikomori is related to a rigid social structure, which expects everyone to conform to certain socio-economic norms. Those who are unable to become productive members of society escape from all social interactions because of the amount of pressure placed on their shoulders. Additionally, some hikikomori may simply think that the benefits of partaking in real-life social interactions are not enough to compensate for all the personal stress. According to these studies, Japanese society should do more to help these individuals recover.

Discussion: 
Please summarize this article in 2 sentences. Do Homework
Why are there so many hikikomori in Japan, while other countries have far fewer reclusive people? Do Homework
What can be done to stop the increase of people who become reclusive? Do Homework
Is there a way to help hikikomori reintegrate into society? Do Homework

Consultancy will survive COVID-19

The novel coronavirus COVID-19 has impacted the consulting industry in ways that seem potentially ruinous. But do not lose hope. Yes, consultants are used to traveling a lot, and widespread travel restrictions make that impossible. And much of consultancy work is done face-to-face in internal and client meetings, which can’t be done when gatherings are prohibited. There is also the fear that businesses will suspend contracts in the economic downturn.

But we have an advantage this time that we haven't had in past catastrophes. We have the internet. We can have virtual meetings, share documents online and even give presentations with conference software that lets everyone be in the same “room” at the same time. So travel restrictions are less disruptive than in the past—people can do much of what’s needed almost as well from home.

And, with so many employees now working from home, many businesses need to upgrade their systems without delay. This creates a demand for consultants to help them make those changes efficiently and effectively.

So although the pandemic is horrible, and we all feel anxious about our future, consultants can be confident that the industry will survive. And inventive survival strategies might just become lasting improvements.

Discussion: 
Has your business required its employees to work from home? Do you agree or disagree with their decision? Do Homework
In your opinion, will companies choose to continue using remote work after the pandemic ends? Should they? Do Homework
What other positive results of the pandemic can you think of? Do Homework

COVID-19 overloads the internet

Many businesses are asking their employees to work from home to help stop the spread of COVID-19.  Suddenly workers need to use telecommuting networks all day long. It’s putting a huge demand on internet services. 

Also, many schools have been closed. So children are home doing classwork online and watching videos or playing games. In Italy, internet usage went up by 90% in March when schools were closed. 

So home network providers are being tested in a way they never have before. Large providers say they can handle it, but no one knows when this situation will end. Hopefully the internet will keep working until then.

Discussion: 
What is the main point of this article? Do Homework
What will happen if the internet breaks down? Do Homework
Will remote work and school ever become the norm? Why or why not? Do Homework

COVID-19: A global economic crisis

This simple equation is at the heart of the global economy: One person’s spending = another person’s income.

It’s referred to as “supply and demand”—producers will supply as much as consumers demand. So if consumers aren’t buying anything, producers won’t be able to sell anything. In other words, whenever you buy something, you pay someone else’s wages.

So the current COVID-19 pandemic is not just a global health crisis but also an economic one. When people are told to stay at home, they stop going to restaurants, bars, and movies. They can’t travel, so they don’t spend money on gas or airfare, and they don’t stay at hotels. And when no more than 10 people can be together in one place, everything from birthday parties to music festivals to major world sports events are canceled.

COVID-19 has already had a serious impact on the hospitality, entertainment, sports, energy, and transportation industries, and the pandemic isn’t over yet. In some places, it’s just getting started. No one knows when it will end or how long it will take to recover.

Discussion: 
Summarize the article in 2 sentences. Do Homework
What businesses do you know that have closed due to the coronavirus? What other changes in business have you noticed or experienced? Do Homework
Describe what the world might be like after a global economic collapse. Do Homework

Cashing in on the Olympics

In 2017, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government estimated that the economic effects of the upcoming Olympic Games will be worth about $292 billion over a span of 17 years. In an attempt to cash in on this, a wide array of businesses in Japan have been ramping up preparations, including the taxi industry.

In January 2018, the Japan Federation of Hire-Taxi Associations formulated measures for the Olympics and Paralympics. The association set a goal of having 9,000 drivers taking English lessons by April, and over 16,000 have already completed them.

Only drivers who have completed at least a mid-level English course are allowed to pick up passengers at the international terminal at Haneda airport in Tokyo. To take the exam, which is designed to test communication skills, drivers must finish an advanced English course.

Taxi drivers are motivated by the potential to boost their earnings during the Olympics. The students, mostly middle-aged men, are learning practical phrases, such as, “Keep the change,” and, “Seat belt please.”

Discussion: 
Please summarize this article in 2-3 sentences Do Homework
Have you noticed changes around Tokyo in preparation for the Olympic and Paralympic Games? If so, can you describe them? Do Homework
What initiatives in preparation for the Olympic and Paralympic Games do you think should stay permanent after they are over? Do Homework

Netizens shame COVID-19 profiteers

The Japan Times published an opinion piece arguing that the issue of people hoarding surgical masks has served to show people’s true nature. It notes that the outbreak has resulted in the spread of fake news and racism, and some unscrupulous people have been reselling face masks and even toilet paper at highly inflated prices on sites such as Mercari.

The author says that social media has also become a tool for shaming those engaged in bad behavior in Japan. Sites such as Twitter have made it simpler to spread footage of morally dubious activity. For instance, users uncovered truly ridiculous posts, including one in which 35 packs of masks were being sold for ¥75,000 by someone who claimed to have risked their health getting them.

The opinion piece concludes that this issue has revealed the fractured moral impulse of the Japanese internet at large, split between those taking advantage of a horrible situation for profit and those operating for the greater public good.

Discussion: 
Please summarize this article in 3 sentences. Do Homework
Do you agree with the assertion that events like the coronavirus outbreak serve to reveal people’s true nature? Do Homework
Do you think that people should be allowed to profit from emergency situations? Why or why not? Do Homework
Is there value in netizens shaming people for bad behavior? Do Homework

The gig economy and labor rights

According to the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, a report studying freelancers published by consulting firm Mackenzie said that the gig economy has done away with workers’ rights achieved through decades of activism and legislation. Mackenzie concluded that freelancers face labor conditions similar to those of workers before the Industrial Revolution.

The advantage for employers is clear, as working with freelancers offers companies managerial flexibility. They pay for the services of a person as if that person were an entire company, without any obligation to provide social benefits or fulfill labor laws. It turns the employer–employee relationship into a customer–supplier one, which can be very unequal.

A report by the Upwork and Freelancers Union forecasts that by 2027, some 50% of all U.S. workers will be freelancers. Mackenzie estimates that the current proportion is around 20-30%, which includes people who supplement their income through freelance work.

A growing number of countries have started addressing the issue of how labor laws apply to freelancers. For instance, nineteen European Union countries offer them unemployment pay.

Discussion: 
Please summarize this article in a single sentence. Do Homework
Is freelancing common in your country? If so, can you give a couple of examples of industries that rely on the work of freelancers? Do Homework
Do you think that companies should provide better security to freelancers? Why or why not? What about the government? Do Homework
What are some factors behind freelancing becoming so prevalent? Do Homework

Kowloon Walled City

For nearly a century, Kowloon Walled City stood out as a rare modern example of an ungoverned territory. When Great Britain took Hong Kong from the Chinese, they left a Chinese enclave in Kowloon, near Hong Kong island. As the 20th century unfolded, consecutive Chinese governments neglected the governance of the enclave, the British refused to get involved, and it took on a life of its own.

By the 1980s, nearly 50,000 people lived in 300 illegally built structures connected together by an interconnecting maze of passageways and staircases. Drugs and prostitution were common in the walled city, and people from nearby neighborhoods would come to visit cheap unlicensed doctors and dentists. Residents cooked and baked goods that they sold to vendors outside the enclave.

Kowloon Walled City was demolished in 1993, a few years before Hong Kong was returned to China, and is now a public park. Its residents were moved to public housing, and they have said that they remember a tough life in the walled city, but that they were mostly happy. 

Discussion: 
Please summarize this article in 3 sentences. Do Homework
What is your first impression of Kowloon Walled City? Does it remind you of any other places? Do Homework
The residents of Kowloon Walled City were mostly poor, and some have said that they have happy memories of living there. Does this support the idea that money cannot buy happiness? Is there another reason that they might have been happy? Do Homework

Antivirus company selling your data

An antivirus program has been found to have been selling users' data to a wide variety of companies. A subsidiary of the Avast antivirus group, a popular and well-reviewed line of antivirus software, has been selling every purchase, every page, even every click that users have made. Clients have included tech companies, consulting companies, a soft drink company and even a large hardware store. 

The program is called Jumpshot, and it is able to supply clients with a so-called "All Clicks Feed." That option tracks every click and all time spent across websites in highly precise detail.

Avast has since made the information-sharing aspect optional, though the company has said that the information gathered before the change will be kept rather than deleted. 

It has been said that users should be skeptical of free programs. There is an adage on the Internet that if you aren't paying for the product, then you are the product

Discussion: 
Avast is a free antivirus program. Are you surprised that they are selling user data? Do Homework
This discussion post says, "if you aren't paying for the product, then you are the product. " What does this mean to you? Do Homework
How do you maintain your safety while using the Internet? Do Homework

No foie gras in California

California has been trying to ban the delicacy foie gras for quite some time. The French dish is well-known in fine dining, but it is made from the liver of a duck or goose that has been force-fed to increase the fat content. Many have said the process constitutes animal cruelty.

The ban was passed into law back in 2004, but it was phased in gradually. It finally went into full effect in 2012, at which time foie gras producers promptly sued the state government. Fast forward to 2015, and a federal judge overturned the ban, stating that it was unconstitutional and went against federal poultry law.

Two years after that, the higher Ninth Circuit court ruled 3-0 that the federal judge had made an error, and allowed California to keep the ban. Again, foie gras producers appealed, this time to the U.S. Supreme Court. But the Supreme Court declined to hear the case, making the previous Ninth Circuit ruling final. 

Foie gras producers say that the consumer should be able to make the choice about what they do and don't want to eat. Restaurants, for their part, have tried to find loop-holes. For example, some have given away foie gras for "free" when other expensive dishes were purchased. 

Animal rights advocates are happy about the ban. Some celebrities have publicly denounced the food, though it has gained popularity in places like the Middle East. 

Discussion: 
What do you think of California's ban on foie gras? Do Homework
Is society becoming more mindful of animal cruelty? Do Homework
What type of changes in our eating habits can you predict will happen in the future? Do Homework

The ancient girl who ate hazelnuts

According to CNN, in late 2019, a small piece of birch pitch (pictured above) was found by archeologists on Lolland, the fourth largest island of Denmark. A study uncovered a 5,700-year-old girl's entire genome and oral microbiome, marking the first time human genetic material has successfully been extracted from something besides human bones.

Nicknamed Lola, the young girl who chewed on the birch pitch had blue eyes, dark skin and dark hair. Her last meal included hazelnuts and mallard duck but no milk. She was lactose-intolerant, which serves to validate the theory that adults evolved the tolerance after dairy farming was introduced.

It is believed that ancient humans chewed on birch pitch to relieve toothaches, and so the ancient chewing gum acted as a time capsule, storing information about Lola’s oral microbiome, the bacteria that lived in her mouth. The researchers were able to detect traces of DNA that revealed pathogens and even found the signature for pneumonia.

The discovery of the birch pitch sheds light on one person who lived at the site, which is notable because no human remains have ever been recovered there.

Discussion: 
Please summarize the article in 2 to 3 sentences. Do Homework
What is your initial reaction to this story? Do Homework
Do you believe that it is important to study how ancient humans used to live? Why or why not? Do Homework
Are there significant advantages and disadvantages to developing DNA technology? Do Homework

Universal phone charging ports

Electronic waste is a huge problem. There's an estimated 51,000 tonnes of it globally per year, says the European Union. But a new law could put an end to one part of it.

The E.U. has passed a law that as of 2024, all phones will have a standard USB-C charger. Having a single type of smartphone charging port will make cables interchangeable and more reusable. This standard charger would also improve the customer experience. 

Maybe you've been using your phone when the battery runs low, and your friend offers you a charger, but it's the wrong kind. Many of us have had our phone die while we are out and about, far from our charger. A standard charger would solve this problem.

Not everyone is on board, though. Apple has pointed out that creating a new universal charger would still create tonnes of electronic waste because people would have to buy new universal chargers and, presumably, trash their old ones. It's estimated that nearly 1 billion consumers use an Apple proprietary lightning port. Changing that overnight would certainly create a mountain of e-waste. 

Discussion: 
What are the pros and cons of universal charging ports? Edit Homework
Think of two other ways the electronics industry could reduce waste. Discuss the pros and cons of each. Do Homework
Will technology be able to save us from destroying the Earth with waste? If yes, how? If no, why not? Do Homework

Should a brand kill its mascot?

Recently on Twitter, an advertisement went viral. In it, the long-time mascot Mr. Peanut (pictured above) nobly sacrificed himself to save his two travel companions. Mr. Peanut can be recognized the world over for his eccentric top hat, cane and monocle. He was 104, and by all accounts, in amazing shape considering his age. 

The timing of his death is notable. It was just days before the American Super Bowl, a football game that is known to draw huge ratings and, therefore, lavish advertisements. The Super Bowl is also famous for the ritual of consuming huge amounts of junk food

The mascot is owned by Planters, a multinational company that produces a popular line of salted peanuts. Since the ad, there has been much speculation about what the company plans to do in order to continue the legacy. 

From a business perspective, the death has resulted in wide-spread viral marketing success. The ad has been viewed millions of times on YouTube and other social media, resulting in a spike in attention towards the simple snack. But, at what cost? 

Discussion: 
Is it a good idea for brands to kill off their mascots? Do Homework
What do you think will happen with the future of the brand? Do Homework
Can you think of any other unusual ad campaigns? Do Homework

Racism in Italian football

The Italian football world is again experiencing racism within its ranks. A series of players have been subject to racist abuse by fans, with little or no response from clubs, officials, or the media. Hard-core fans claim they have the right to abuse players any way they want, and certain clubs deny that racism even exists.

Finally, Lega Serie A, the organization that oversees the country’s highest division, launched an anti-racism campaign, but the campaign itself has been accused of racism. One of the initiatives in the campaign uses the image of a series of monkey faces in club colors. The image was created by artist Simone Fugazzotto, who often uses monkeys and apes in his work.

But people of African descent have long been dehumanized by calling them "monkeys", and several players in Italy’s top league have been victims of monkey chants. So the image perpetuates the very racism it is supposed to combat. Anti-discrimination network Football Against Racism in Europe calls the initiative "a sick joke".

Even now, the fight against racism continues. 

Discussion: 
Summarize this article in 2–3 sentences. Do Homework
Have you ever heard, or been a victim of, abuse due to race, religion, or sexual orientation during a football match? Do Homework
Discrimination and abuse is on the rise across the globe. Why do you think this is? Do Homework
How should abuse in football be handled? Do Homework

Simultaneous translator coming soon

Until now pocket translators have all followed the same steps: 1) you say something in your language; 2) the device turns your speech into text; 3) it translates the text to the other language; and finally, 4) the text-to-speech voice says it in the new language. A long process that makes for a frustrating conversation.

Enter two new devices—the “WT2 Plus Ear to Ear AI Translator Earbuds” from Timekettle, and the over-the-ear “Ambassador” from Waverly Labs. Both allow the speaker to continue speaking while the translation is taking place. You don’t have to wait after every sentence for the machine to catch up with you. This makes for a much faster conversation with a more natural flow. They aren’t simultaneous, but they’re pretty close. The WT2 Plus is already available, and the Ambassador is coming out soon. 

It won’t be long before even more sophisticated translators hit the market. Google is experimenting with translating from speech directly to speech, without the in-between text step. It’s still in the development phase, but whether it’s Google or another developer, simultaneous translators will probably be in your pocket soon!

Discussion: 
When do you have to interact with speakers of other languages? Do Homework
Do you think pocket translators are helpful when communicating with foreigners? Why or why not? Do Homework
What kind of translators do you think we'll have in 5 years? 10 years? 50 years? Do Homework
Some say that in the future we'll all speak one language. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Do Homework

The issue of universal basic income

The idea of universal basic income (UBI) has been gaining steam around the world. A Japanese billionaire and an American presidential candidate, among others, have both thrown their weight behind it.

The concept is simple: the government provides unconditional money to their citizens. The theory is that in order to provide basic services for all citizens and to stimulate the economy, a small amount of money can be given to each person, equally. 

In the United States, presidential candidate Andrew Yang has even given away $12,000 to a random Twitter follower. In his plan, each adult would receive that amount of money every year. Yang argues people will continue working, even with UBI. $12,000 a year is barely enough to live on in many places and certainly not enough to afford much in the way of experiences or advancement. To get ahead meaningfully, people will still need to get out there and work.

In Japan billionaire Yusaku Maezawa also announced via Twitter about his plan to give away 1 billion Japanese yen, about 9 million dollars to 1000 random Twitter followers. 

Maezawa has called it a serious social experiment, and he's not alone. Many people, especially those in Silicon Valley, have worried that incredible increases in automation to push workers out of jobs. It's been theorized that universal basic income could stimulate the economy dramatically.

Discussion: 
What are your thoughts on universal basic income? Do Homework
Do you think the popularity of universal basic income will rise or fall in the future? Do Homework
What do you think about the future of job security, considering the current automation revolution? Do Homework

Which 2020 predictions came true?

The year 2020 has served as a benchmark for many predictions, from business markets to technological advances to climate change. In 2015, Factor magazine published a list of ten predictions for 2020, most of which have come true.

  1. Same-day cancer treatment: YES

  2. Self-driving cars on the road: YES

  3. Cannabis market legalized and booming: YES

  4. 4 billion internet users: YES (almost 4.5 billion)

  5. Virtual reality market worth US$15.89 billion: YES (over US$18 billion; current predictions suggest it will reach US$120.5 billion by 2026)

  6. Mars 2020 rover mission: YES

  7. Wearable sensors to monitor soldiers' health: PROBABLY (the technology is available, but it's hard to find a definitive answer as to whether it's being used yet)

We're still working on the other three, but hopefully we'll reach them soon!

  1. China free of poverty: NO (but the poverty rate has been significantly reduced)

  2. Electric cars go 746 miles on a single charge: NO (even Elon Musk of Tesla, who boasted he'd achieve that distance, hasn't made it more than 370 miles—half as far)

  3. 26% renewables in the energy market: NO (the percentage varies widely depending on location, industry, and individual companies, but globally we haven't yet reached that number)

So, Factor has a 60–70% success rate on their predictions. Today's futurists have gotten really good at telling the future! There are lots of other predictions out there, too—4.5 billion of you can do an internet search to find them and see if they've come true.

Discussion: 
Think back to 2015. Would you have predicted that any of these things would be true in 2020? What surprises you the most from this list? Do Homework
Look ahead to 2025. What do you predict will happen by then? List at least 5 possibilities. Do Homework
Why do human beings focus so much attention on the future? Do Homework

No stars for Sukiyabashi Jiro

For many restaurants, receiving a Michelin star (or two, or three) is one of the best ways to gain world-class status in the culinary world. It is also guaranteed to attract international media attention and bring in new business.

Although it is extremely difficult to earn Michelin stars, the Japanese restaurant Sukiyabashi Jiro has earned the maximum three stars every year since 2007. But things are about to change. It was recently announced that the restaurant will be left out of the 2020 Michelin Guide because it no longer accepts public reservations. Since Michelin’s aim is to introduce top-notch restaurants to the general public, Sukiyabashi Jiro no longer falls within their rating criteria.

You might think this would be a great loss for the restaurant, but some believe Sukiyabashi Jiro is too famous to be affected by Michelin’s decision. The restaurant has made headlines on multiple occasions, such as when the former U.S. President, Barack Obama, and the Japanese Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe, dined there together in 2014. It was also showcased in the 2011 documentary, Jiro Dreams Of Sushi. Only time will tell if Michelin's decision has a negative impact on Sukiyabashi Jiro.

Discussion: 
Have you ever been to a Michelin star restaurant? If so, what was your experience? If you haven't, describe your favorite restaurant and what you like about it. Do Homework
Do you think Sukiyabashi Jiro will be negatively impacted by the loss of its Michelin star rating? Do Homework
In your opinion, what makes a restaurant great? Do Homework