Discussion topics

Hip-hop and anime

Takashi Murakami's work on Billie Eilish's new video for "You Should See Me in a Crown" is the latest example of Western music's ongoing love affair with Japanese anime. It’s also exciting to see the art form embraced by Lil Uzi Vert, Soulja Boy and so many other artists in the world of hip-hop.

A recent uptick in anime-charged prose has seen mentions of mainstream fan favorites such as “Dragonball Z” and “Naruto,” and more obscure series like “Berserk” and “Lupin the Third.” These examples barely scratch the surface when it comes to the abundance of spoken anime references in hip-hop and R&B. What gets fans of both anime and hip-hop hyped up is when the two fields collide visually.

The 2018 Report on the Japanese Anime Industry recorded an increase in the market value of anime's overseas market by 29.6 percent from 2016 to 2017. Anime might be Japan's most valuable soft-power weapon—even more than sushi.

Discussion: 
Discuss the last line of the article: "Anime might be Japan's most valuable soft-power weapon—even more than sushi." What does it mean? Do you agree? Do Homework
How might anime's rising popularity affect Japan? Do Homework
Do you think Westerners' and Japanese ideas of anime might be different? Explain. Do Homework

Tired? Maybe you're actually lonely

More and more people are feeling both tired and lonely at work. In analyzing the General Social Survey of 2016, close to 50% of people say they are often or always exhausted due to work.

What’s more, there is a significant correlation between feeling lonely and work exhaustion: the more exhausted people are, the lonelier they feel.

This loneliness is not a result of social isolation, but rather is due to the emotional exhaustion of workplace burnout. The problem seems to be pervasive across professions and up and down corporate hierarchies.

Loneliness, whether it results from social isolation or exhaustion, has serious consequences for individuals. Research by Sarah Pressman, of the University of California, Irvine, demonstrates that while obesity reduces longevity by 20%, drinking by 30%, and smoking by 50%, loneliness reduces it by a whopping 70%.

On the other hand, research has demonstrated the link between productivity and social support at work, lower rates of burnout, and greater work satisfaction. The result of feeling socially connected, studies show, is greater psychological well-being. And that translates into higher productivity and better performance. 

Discussion: 
What was this article about, and would you agree with this? Do Homework
What can individuals do to feel more socially connected? Do Homework
What can companies and organizations do to help people feel more socially connected? Do Homework

Big Four firms stop consulting

PwC and EY told a panel of British lawmakers they would mirror a change already underway at another Big Four accounting firm, KPMG, in a bid to end a “perception” of conflict between selling audit and consulting work to the same customer.

Consulting is better paid than audit work, raising concerns that an accountant won’t challenge a company’s management properly regarding an audit for fear of losing more lucrative advisory work.

KPMG said last November it would phase out advisory work for its British accounting clients as the Big Four faced calls from lawmakers to be broken up after the collapse of construction firm Carillion, which KPMG audited.

“We will do a ban on anything for audit clients other than audit related services,” Kevin Ellis, chairman and senior partner of PwC UK told parliament’s business committee.

Discussion: 
Can you paraphrase this article? Do Homework
What is the conflict of interest? Describe it in as much detail as you can. Do Homework
Can you think of any other conflicts of interest in consulting or other areas of business? Do Homework

The new science of sex and gender

Sex is supposed to be simple, at least at the molecular level. X + X = female and X + Y = male.

But as science looks more closely, it becomes increasingly clear that a pair of chromosomes is not always sufficient to distinguish girl/boy—either from the standpoint of sex (biological traits) or of gender (social identity).

In the cultural realm, this shift in perspective has received a wide embrace, with “nonbinary” definitions of gender—transfeminine, genderqueer—having already entered the vernacular. Less visible are the changes taking place in the biological sciences.

The emerging picture of “girlness” or “boyness” reveals the involvement of complex gene networks, extending far beyond the moment six weeks after gestation when the gonads begin to form.

To different extents, many of us are biological hybrids on a male-female continuum. New evidence suggests that the brain consists of a “mosaic” of cell types.

For societies in which gender inequality persists, the new science of sex and gender may help shape public perception and governmental policy, making them better acknowledge this reality.

Discussion: 
What is your initial response to the article? Do the findings surprise you? Do Homework
How is gender viewed in your society? Is it fluid or static? Do Homework
Would it be ethical to raise a child as "gender neutral?" Do Homework

Best April Fool's Day pranks

Aril Fools' Day is an annual celebration commemorated on April 1 by playing practical jokes and spreading hoaxes. Here are three of the best of all time.

April 1, 1957: The respected BBC news show Panorama announced that thanks to a very mild winter and the virtual elimination of the dreaded spaghetti weevil, Swiss farmers were enjoying a huge spaghetti crop. It accompanied this announcement with footage of Swiss peasants pulling strands of spaghetti down from trees. Huge numbers of viewers were taken in. Many called the BBC wanting to know how they could grow their own spaghetti tree.

April 1, 1996: The Taco Bell Corporation took out a full-page ad that appeared in six major newspapers announcing it had bought the Liberty Bell—a symbol of American independence—and was renaming it the Taco Liberty Bell. Hundreds of outraged citizens called the National Historic Park in Philadelphia where the bell was housed to express their anger. 

April 1, 1992: National Public Radio's Talk of the Nation revealed that disgraced former president Richard Nixon, in a surprise move, was running for president again. His new campaign slogan was, "I didn't do anything wrong, and I won't do it again." Accompanying this announcement were audio clips of Nixon delivering his candidacy speech. Listeners responded viscerally to the announcement, flooding the show with calls expressing shock and outrage.

Discussion: 
Do you think you would you have "fallen" for any of these jokes? Do Homework
Have you ever experienced any April Fool's jokes? Do Homework
Many non-Western countries around the world don't celebrate April Fool's Day. Do you think it might become more popular in such countries in the future? Do Homework

Osaka will host 2025 World Expo

The Japanese city of Osaka has been selected to host the World Expo in 2025, an event expected to draw millions of visitors and showcase the local economy and culture. The theme for the 2025 World Expo is finding solutions to challenges facing humanity.

Japan's prime minister, Shinzo Abe, said in a statement that the country will make an utmost effort to "achieve a magnificent expo in Osaka that would give dreams and surprises to everyone in the world." Hosting a world expo in Japan would be "a golden opportunity to promote fascinating charms of Japan to the rest of the world," Abe said.

World Expos, which are held every five years, can last up to six months and cost millions of dollars to host, but can help put a city on the global map by bringing in international visitors and attention.

Leaders in Osaka, Japan's third-largest city and the largest in western Japan, are hoping the expo will revitalize a city that has lost much of its luster to Tokyo, the nation's political and economic capital. 

Discussion: 
Would you go to the 2025 World Expo in Osaka? Why or why not? Do Homework
What are the benefits for Osaka in hosting the World Expo? Do Homework
As the Internet is bringing us closer together, do World Expos hold the same importance they once did? Do Homework

Japan's "genderless" men

Harajuku has become a catwalk for jendaresu-kei (or "genderless style"). Although women who dress in a more stereotypically masculine way may also identify as "genderless," in Japan, the term jendaresu-kei refers to males who are not interested in the typical male dress code of dark suits and dress shoes.

Matching colorfully patterned fabrics and fingernails with "kawaii" (cute) hats and purses, they signal a vibrant new masculine style. But they may also represent wider changes in the way male roles are perceived in Japanese society. 

The trend of young men eschewing Japan's navy blue suits is outlasting the fast cycles of the fashion industry. As a lifestyle, signs of genderlessness are also evident among men far removed from the Harajuku scene.

On the other hand, Ikumen (literally "child-rearing men") may wear suits to work, but they too are breaking with convention by insisting on spending more time at home with their children. This is partly thanks to the work of Fathering Japan, a non-profit organization that encourages men to become "smiling dads" who enjoy playing a more active role in their children's upbringing.

Discussion: 
What's your opinion on changing gender roles in modern life? Do Homework
How do gender roles affect society? Do Homework
Are there any gender roles for men or women that you think are outdated and unnecessary? Do Homework

Ikigai: the secret to longevity

What if you could live longer just by doing more of what you love to do most?

It's an attractive theory that finds its evidence in Ogimi, a community on the island of Okinawa that's nicknamed the Village of Longevity because its residents have the highest life expectancy in the world. They also largely share a devotion to a Japanese philosophy known as ikigai, a concept that is, at times, used synonymously with purpose, passion, meaning, mission, vocation and drive.

To help define your own ikigai, ask yourself: "Why do I get up in the morning?" "What motivates me?" "What do I love doing most?" Or, "What would I regret not having done with my life when it's over?"

Once you find your ikigai, even if you don't live to age 100, your life may feel longer because you are more fully engaged with it while you are here. And living with purpose encourages other healthy lifestyle choices, like exercise, social activities, and lifelong learning.

Admittedly, following your ikigai is not easy in our modern technological world. Distractions are everywhere, from commercial advertising to social media to 24-hour news reports. In our fast-paced urban society, we need to work hard to stop working hard and let our ikigai lead the way.

Discussion: 
What is your ikigai? Do Homework
What other factors do you think contribute to the longevity of people? Do Homework
What practical measures could be taken where you live to lengthen people's life? Do Homework

How much does a kilogram weigh?

A small cylinder called Le Grand K has defined the kilogram for more than a hundred years.

Le Grand K was forged in 1879 and is held in a locked vault outside Paris—revered and kept under lock and key because its mass, a little over 2 pounds, is the official definition of the kilogram.

If Le Grand K gets heavier or lighter—or absorbs atoms of something from the air—the definition of the kilogram literally changes.

Bill Phillips, a Nobel laureate from the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Maryland, told the assembled delegates at the international General Conference on Weights and Measures that basing the kilogram's official definition on a hunk of metal held in a vault was "a situation that is clearly intolerable." His colleagues clearly agreed, as no country voted to keep the old definition. 

Going forward, the world's system of mass measurement will not be based on some special hunk of metal, but rather on unalterable features of the universe—such as the speed of light, time and Planck's constant, a number that helps scientists figure out the energy of a photon of light, given its wavelength.

The new definition of the kilogram will go into effect in May 2019. Meanwhile, Le Grand K will remain in its lonely vault.

Discussion: 
Would you be interested in seeing Le Grand K? Why or why not? Do Homework
Why is it important to have absolute standards of measurement? Do Homework
America still uses Imperial measurements—pounds, feet and fahrenheit. What do you think of this? Do Homework

Japan minister in hot water again

The minister in charge of cybersecurity said he doesn't use computers.

Yoshitaka Sakurada, who just last week was criticized for stumbling over basic questions during Diet deliberations, found himself once again in hot water Wednesday after making it known that he doesn't use computers even though he is a deputy head of the government panel on cybersecurity and is tasked with overseeing policies on such matters.

During a Lower House Cabinet Committee meeting, Sakurada, who is also the minister in charge of the Olympics, said: “I don't use computers because since I was 25 I have been in a position of authority where secretaries and employees handle such tasks for me.”

Sakurada was answering questions posed by Masato Imai, an independent Lower House lawmaker. “It's shocking to me that someone who hasn't even touched computers is responsible for dealing with cybersecurity policies,” Imai said.

Sakurada also said “I don't know the exact details” when Takeshi Saiki, a member of the Democratic Party for the People, asked him about the measures that are in place to guard against cyberattacks on nuclear power plants.

Sakurada said cybersecurity is an important issue for the government and he is confident of his abilities as the minister.

Discussion: 
Do you think this minister can serve well as deputy head of the government panel on cybersecurity, despite never having used a computer himself? Why or why not? Do Homework
In the United States, 80% people have a personal computer. In Japan, it's half that—40%. Why do you think this is? Do Homework
This minister implied people in a position of authority don't need to use computers. What do you think of this statement? Do Homework

Japan—2018 Destination of the Year

Think about what you look for when you’re deciding on the perfect travel destination. Is it rich history? Cultural experiences? Lots of delicious food or shopping opportunities? Comfortable and unique places to stay? Or, perhaps, you just want to go somewhere with truly breathtaking views that you can’t get anywhere else in the world.

Guess what? You can find all of this and more in Japan.

Travelers across the globe love to visit the country for its fabulous natural spas, or even its quirkier relaxation offerings like baths of beer, red wine, or even ramen, for a one-of-a-kind experience.

Tokyo in particular, while being a fast-paced and dynamic city on its own, is also one of the major fashion capitals of the world, with hundreds of distinctive shops, impressive designer stores, and street fashion that is recognized for its creativity and individuality the world over. Plus, it practically goes without saying that the rich, cultural history and delicious food are the key reasons why people want to visit this special country in the first place.

Thanks to Japan’s bustling cities, beautiful countryside, and whimsical experiences, travelers keep coming back for more. That's why Travel + Leisure decided to make the country the 2018 Destination of the Year.

Discussion: 
What would you recommend to a visitor coming to Japan? Do Homework
What do you look for when you consider a travel destination (e.g., food, culture, historical sites, nightlife, nature)? Why? Do Homework
Do you think winning this award will have a noticeable effect on tourism? Do Homework

The World Wide Web is broken

The internet today isn’t what Tim Berners-Lee pictured when he invented the World Wide Web nearly three decades ago.

Berners-Lee says the web is “at a tipping point” as it faces threats like market concentration, data breaches, user frustration with ads and privacy, hate speech and so-called “fake news.”

“If you’d asked me 10 years ago, I would have said humanity is going to do a good job with this,” he said. “If we connect all these people together, they are such wonderful people they will get along. I was wrong.”

Berners-Lee’s World Wide Web Foundation has unveiled a “Contract for the Web” outlining principles to protect the internet as a basic right for everyone. One key pillar of this initiative is that companies respect consumers’ privacy and personal data.

About 1.5 billion people currently live in a country with no law on personal data protection. The contract requires governments to treat privacy as a fundamental human right.

Discussion: 
Are your experiences on the Internet mostly positive, or not? Do Homework
Do you agree that the internet is at a "tipping point"? Do Homework
Berners-Lee seems to have a positive view of humanity. Do you agree? Why or why not? Do Homework

New policy on foreign workers

Japan's Cabinet has approved a draft bill that would allow the entry of more foreign blue-collar workers as the country's rapidly aging population faces labor shortages.

The bill is a major revision of Japan's policy on foreign labor. The country has long resisted accepting foreign workers, except for doctors, teachers and others in highly skilled fields. The proposed legislation would create two new visa categories for foreigners employed in more than a dozen sectors facing labor shortages, such as nursing, farming, construction and services.

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe denied that the new policy means Japan is opening its doors to immigrants, to reassure his nationalist supporters. Opponents are concerned about crime and jobs taken away from Japanese, while proponents say foreign workers are indispensable in sectors facing labor shortages.

Under the draft bill, applicants for the first visa category need certain skill levels and Japanese language ability, cannot bring their families, and can stay up to five years. Those in the second category with higher skills can bring their families and eventually apply for permanent residency.

The government has projected that the number of foreign blue-collar workers would be about half a million within a decade.

Discussion: 
What are the pros and cons of allowing more foreign workers in Japan? Do Homework
Can you think of anyone who would oppose this bill? What would they say? Do Homework
What are the benefits of a diverse society? Do Homework

Tokyo garden loses a fortune

An attendant at a popular garden in the heart of Tokyo has cost the facility millions of yen because he was “too frightened” to ask foreign visitors to pay the admission fee.

The attendant, who is in his early 70s, admitted failing to collect the fees for Shinjuku Gyoen national garden after an investigation was launched following a tip-off by another employee. The unnamed man said he had stopped collecting admission fees of 200 yen (US$1.80) for adults and 50 yen (US45¢) for children in April 2014, and had continued to allow foreign visitors in free of charge for about two and a half years. As a result an estimated 160,000 people entered the garden without paying. The environment ministry said that it had lost at least 25 million yen ($220,000).

The man told ministry investigators that being yelled at by a non-Japanese visitor years ago had made him wary of overseas guests. “I don’t speak any other languages and I got scared when a foreigner began yelling at me a long time ago,” he told ministry officials. The errant employee was docked 10% of his salary. He asked to take retirement and offered to return half of his retirement bonus, or about 300,000 yen (US$2,650).

Discussion: 
What would you tell the man who was too scared to collect admission fees? Do Homework
What do you think about the punishment described? Do Homework
Have you ever had trouble communicating in a foreign language? Do Homework

Europe and Japan go to Mercury

A European-Japanese spacecraft set off on a treacherous seven-year journey to Mercury to probe the solar system's smallest and least-explored planet.

The BepiColombo mission, only the third ever to visit Mercury, blasted off from Europe’s spaceport in French Guiana aboard an Ariane 5 rocket at 10:45 p.m. local time on Friday, October 19 (0145 GMT on Saturday), according to the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).

Few spacecraft have visited Mercury because of the planet's proximity to the sun—less than 60 million kilometers (37.3 million miles) away compared with Earth's almost 150 million kilometers (93 million miles)—which makes any trip there challenging. Surface temperatures on the planet can reach highs of over 400℃ (750℉) during the day and drop to -170℃ (-275℉) at night.

BepiColombo will reach its orbit of Mercury around December 2025. At that point, it will release two separate spacecraft it is carrying: ESA's Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), and JAXA's Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO). MPO will study Mercury's surface and internal composition, to determine the planet's iron content and examine why its core is partially liquid. MMO will collect data on the planet's magnetosphere and its interactions with the sun.

Discussion: 
What are the potential benefits of going to Mercury? Do Homework
The cost of the BepiColombo mission is €1.3 billion ($1.5 billion/¥167 billion). Do you think it's worth it? Do Homework
Would you ever like to be an astronaut? Do Homework

Prison: A haven for elderly women

Every aging society faces distinct challenges. But Japan has been dealing with one it didn’t foresee: senior crime. Complaints and arrests involving elderly people, and women in particular, are taking place at rates above those of any other demographic group. Almost 1 in 5 women in Japanese prisons is a senior. Their crimes are usually minor, with 9 in 10 senior women being convicted of shoplifting.

Why have so many otherwise law-abiding elderly women resorted to petty theft? Caring for Japanese seniors once fell to families and communities, but that’s changing. From 1980 to 2015, the number of seniors living alone increased more than sixfold, to almost 6 million. A recent survey found that more than half of seniors caught shoplifting live alone and 40% either don’t have family or rarely speak with relatives. Seniors say they have no one to turn to when they need help.

Even women with a place to go describe feeling invisible. “They may have a house. They may have a family. But that doesn’t mean they have a place they feel at home,” says Yumi Muranaka, head warden of Iwakuni Women’s Prison. “They feel they are not understood. They feel they are only recognized as someone who gets the house chores done.”

Discussion: 
Does this article surprise you? Why or why not? Do Homework
How could society make elderly people feel more valued? Do Homework
In your understanding, what is life like in a prison? Could you cope with prison life? Do Homework
What is the purpose of prison: rehabilitation, punishment, detainment, or something else? Do Homework

Different standards for the wealthy

In the US, the widespread belief that the poor are simply lazy has led many states to impose work requirements on aid recipients—even those who have been medically classified as disabled. Limiting aid programs in this way has been shown to shorten recipients’ lives, creating a difference of more than 20 years in life expectancy between the rich and the poor.

When the wealthy are revealed to be drug addicts, philanderers, or work-shy, the response is at most a collective shrug. At the same time, behaviors indulged in the rich are not just condemned in the poor, but are used as a justification to punish them, denying them access to resources that keep them alive, such as healthcare and food assistance.

We don’t hear much, however, about laziness, drug addiction or promiscuity among the wealthiest members of society. Many even present themselves as homeless—for tax purposes—despite owning multiple residences. Meanwhile, the poor can end up being “resident nowhere” because no one will allow them to stay in one place for very long.

It is as if the right to move around, to take up space, and to direct your own life as you see fit have become luxury goods, available to those who can pay instead of being human rights.

Discussion: 
Are the wealthy and the poor treated differently in your country? Do Homework
The gap between poverty and wealth is increasing across the globe. What effects does this have on the world? Do Homework
What, in your opinion, are the basic rights of every human being? Do Homework

Wabi-sabi: Beauty in imperfection

A key part of the Japanese Aesthetic—the ancient ideals that still govern the norms on taste and beauty in Japan—wabi-sabi is not only untranslatable, but also considered undefinable in Japanese culture. It encapsulates a more relaxed acceptance of transience, nature and melancholy, favouring the imperfect and incomplete in everything, from architecture to pottery to flower arranging.

Wabi, which roughly means "the elegant beauty of humble simplicity", and sabi, which means "the passing of time and subsequent deterioration", were combined to form a sense unique to Japan and pivotal to Japanese culture. The ancient art of wabi-cha, a style of tea ceremony established by tea masters Murata Juko and Sen no Rikyu from the late 15th to 16th centuries, forms a good introduction to wabi-sabi. Without bright colours and ornate designs to rely on as signifiers of accepted beauty, guests were encouraged to study subtle colours and textures that would previously have been overlooked.

"The aesthetics of wabi-sabi opened our eyes to everyday life and gave us a method of handling what is common in an uncommon, aesthetic way," Professor Tanehisa Otabe (professor at Tokyo University’s Institute of Aesthetics) said, highlighting the importance of acceptance in Japanese culture, a society forced to contend with devastating natural disasters on a semi-regular basis.

Discussion: 
Have you ever been to a traditional tea ceremony? Can you describe it? Do Homework
Is wabi-sabi still relevant in Japanese culture? Why do you think that is? Do Homework
Do you prefer things that are (or strive to be) perfect or imperfect? Why? Do Homework

Trump praises attack on journalist

The British government has joined press freedom advocates and journalists in expressing dismay and disgust with Donald Trump's remarks at a rally, where he praised the unprovoked assault on a Guardian US journalist by the state's congressman, Greg Gianforte.

Trump fondly reminisced about the physical assault that occurred on 24 May 2017 when Jacobs, the Guardian's political correspondent, asked Gianforte a question about healthcare policy in the course of a special congressional election in Montana.

In a statement, PEN America, a nonprofit organization that works to defend and celebrate free expression, said Trump's "Explicit praise" for Gianforte's assault "marks a startling new low in terms of the White House's open hostility toward the press".

At the rally, Trump said that anyone who could perform a body-slam, as Gianforte did on Jacobs, was "My guy", and that news of the attack, which occurred the night before the special election, probably helped Gianforte win.

Discussion: 
What is freedom of the press? Why is it important? Do Homework
What is the attitude towards the press in your country? Do Homework
In your opinion, are freedoms in general increasing or decreasing in today's world? Support your claim with at least one specific example. Do Homework

Vlogging about Japan

Nagoya-based husband-and-wife vlogging duo Rachel and Jun Yoshizuki run the YouTube channel Rachel and Jun. Their on-the-ground accounts of daily life in Japan have been viewed more than 200 million times.

They belong to a community of “J-vloggers”: YouTubers who attract millions of views by sharing their insights into Japanese culture, including anything from a tour of a Japanese high school, to what it’s like to stay in a tiny room in a capsule hotel, and what it’s like to be multiracial in Japan.

“All of us [J-vloggers] get comments from our audience that they went to Japan because of us, or they started studying Japanese because of our videos, or they visited this city because we made a video about it,” Rachel says.

While misconceptions about every country exist, Japan in particular seems to get a specific portrait painted of itself in international media, which likes to focus on the country's weirder elements. “I think it’s really nice for [viewers] to get a down-to-earth, genuine perspective from actual people,” Rachel says. Many people think Japan is “a crazy place, and then they get here and it’s just another country.”

Vlogging—blogging with video

Discussion: 
What do you watch on YouTube? Do Homework
Discuss this statement: "Japan in particular seems to get a specific portrait painted of itself in international media, which likes to focus on the country's weirder elements." What do you think? Do Homework
If you were to make a vlog, what would you choose to include? Do Homework
What impact has YouTube had on society? Do Homework