Pharmaceuticals

The so-called "gut-brain axis" is the well-established bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiome and the brain. In other words, the microbiome in our gut has been found to influence many aspects of our brain: stress physiology and psychology, mood, cognition, and behavior.

A novel challenge has arisen from this finding. Namely, how can astronauts stay alert and healthy through their travels? 

One issue is the inadequate intake of micronutrients, which is generally associated with increased inflammation and stress. It also leads to reduced functioning of the immune system. Although the space travelers’ diet is not yet optimized, considerable progress has been made. For instance, the average caloric intake has been significantly increased in recent years.