Rapid urbanisation

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In 2015, 85% of global GDP was generated in cities. Growing cities require substantial investments in infrastructure if they are to continue expanding at their present rate. It’s estimated that we will invest $78 trillion in global infrastructure over the next 10 years alone to accommodate this growth. New York, Beijing, Shanghai and London will need $8 trillion in infrastructure investments alone. 

Discussion: 
Do these figures surprise you? Do Homework
What challenges do modern urban planners face? Do Homework
What changes would you like to see in Tokyo in the future? Do Homework