Say negatives clearly
日本文化では否定することは美徳ではないせいか、よく曖昧な日本語と言われ、最終的に否定している文章を英語で表現する際も、肯定文から始める傾向があります。否定は悪ではありません！恐れずに伝えたいことを明確に文の最初から表現してみましょう。
In English, the negative component can be put in a variety of places. Consider these examples:
- I don’t think it’s a good idea.
- I think it isn’t a good idea.
- I think it’s an idea that’s not good.
You can probably feel that the first sentence is the most commonly used, the second one is somewhat common, and the last one is unusual. The reason is that, as long as the meaning is the same, the negative element should go as close to the front as possible.
In that last example, the listener would be probably surprised by the negative element. They might think you are being rude or trying to be funny. On the other hand, the first example would be clearest to the listener.
Bear in mind all these examples are grammatically correct, but some are clearer than others. When talking about negative amounts, it’s clearest to add “any”.
- I didn't eat anything yesterday.
- I haven’t seen any Disney movies.
Of course, some sentences need to have the negative towards the back. This is particularly true when balancing positives and negatives.
- I’ve eaten a lot of sushi, but never sea urchin.
- I’ve seen The Little Mermaid, but no other Disney movies.
While this might seem simple on paper, it’s important to note that this structure is opposite to Japanese, where the negative usually goes at the end of the sentence. That means you need to practice putting the negative towards the front of the sentence so that when you are handling higher language functions, your word order is more natural.
To make sure you can form negative sentences quickly and effortlessly, try writing homework. The following phrases are correct, but not natural. How can you change them to be more natural?
- All day yesterday, I drank no coffee.
- When it comes to solar power, I think in the short term, the reliability is poor.
- I want to add another point, but I can think of nothing.
If you have any questions, talk to your next teacher about where to put the negative.
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Bear in mind [phrasal verb]—don't forget; keep thinking about.