A] Resources, Energy and Environment
Boilers
A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications.
2. LNG storage tanks
LNG- Liquified Natural Gas
LNG storage tanks can be found in the ground, above ground or in LNG carriers.
3. Pharmaceutical Plants
IHI builds pharmaceutical plants, bio plants and chemical plants.
3.1 Pharmaceutical plant: The process of drug manufacturing can be broken down into a series of unit operations, such as milling, granulation, coating, tablet pressing, and others.
Milling= designed to cut or shape metal using a rotating tool.
Granulation= The granulation process combines one or more powder particles and forms a granule.
Tabletting = Tableting is a method of pressing medicine or candy into tablets.
3.2 Biogas or Biofuel plant
Biomass is organic material that comes from plants and animals, and it is a renewable source of energy.
*Biogas is made in a biogas digester. The digester is a large tank filled with organic input material such as foodstuff remnants, fats or sludge, renewable resources such as corn, beets or grass serve as feed, manure, and dung. The final product of this fermentation process is biogas with methane as the main ingredient.
4. Nuclear energy
IHI supply such key components as reactor pressure vessels, primary containment vessels, and piping systems. They also develop and construct nuclear fuel cycle systems as well as supply components for boiling water reactors (BWRs), advanced boiling-water reactors (ABWRs) and pressurized-water reactors (PWRs).
4.1 Reactor pressure vessels: Reactor pressure vessels are thick steel containers that hold nuclear fuel when the reactors operate. The vessels provide one of several barriers that keep radioactive fuel contained and out of the environment.
4.2 Pressurized water reactors (PWRs): They constitute the large majority of the world's nuclear power plants. In a PWR, the primary coolant (water) is pumped under high pressure to the reactor core where it is heated by the energy released by the fission of atoms. The heated water then flows to a steam generator where it transfers its thermal energy to a secondary system where steam is generated and flows to turbines which, in turn, spin an electric generator.
5. Gas Turbine/ Diesel Engines/ Gas Engines
IHI provides a wide variety of power generating products including gas turbines, diesel engines and gas engines with simple-cycle, co-generation and combined-cycle power systems.
5.1 Gas turbines: A gas turbine is a combustion engine that can convert natural gas or other liquid fuels to mechanical energy. This energy then drives a generator that produces electrical energy. It is electrical energy that moves along power lines to homes and businesses.
6. Process Plants
In areas such as natural gas liquefaction, oil refining, petrochemicals, LPG and other process plants
6.1 Natural gas liquefaction process: The conversion of natural gas to its liquefied form allows for the transport of greater quantities. Liquefaction describes the process of cooling natural gas to -162°C (-259°F) until it forms as a liquid. LNG must be turned back into a gas for commercial use and this is done at regasification plants.
6.2 LPG- Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. It is stored in LPG cylinders. This is a picture of LPG cylinders which are widely used for cooking in developing countries like India.
7. Equipment for Plants
7.1 Pressure Vessels: They are containers which are designed to hold liquids, vapours, or gases at high pressures, usually above 15 PSIG. Examples of common pressure vessels used in the petroleum refining and chemical processing industries include, but are not limited to, storage tanks, boilers, and heat exchangers.
*PSIG- Pounds per square in gauge is a measure of pressure.
7.2 Industrial Furnace: An industrial furnace is an equipment used to provide heat for a process or can serve as a reactor which provides heats of reaction. Furnace designs vary as to its function, heating duty, type of fuel and method of introducing combustion air. Industrial furnaces typically deal with temperatures higher than 400 degrees Celsius.
7.3 Industrial cooling towers: They can be used to remove heat from various sources such as machinery or heated process material. The primary use of large, industrial cooling towers is to remove the heat absorbed in the circulating cooling water systems used in power plants, petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, natural gas processing plants, etc.